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By now, most of us have heard of the new zero-day exploit for Internet Explorer that was revealed last week. Beyond the realm of the media, which likes to immediately declare security issues a harbinger of doom and are quick to assign blame to everyone from the software developer to secret government agencies, these type of exploits, as well as bugs and security holes, are generally not a huge cause for concern for the end-user so long as the affected software is patched and the affected machines are promptly updated.

While opinions on browsers tend to lead to heated discussions, an objective review will undeniably reveal that various exploits and other security concerns have been discovered and made public for essentially every browser available. It is virtually impossible to design a foolproof system, and even Firefox, frequently lauded by many as superior to Internet Explorer, tends to frequently fall flat on its face.

What makes the recent Internet Explorer zero day exploit of notable concern in the Internet security industry is the fact that it affects versions of Internet Explorer as far back as version 6, first released in 2001.

The Nature of the Beast

The nature of this particularly Internet Explorer zero day exploit potentially allows for a web site to execute data-thieving code, or silently upload a malicious payload to a client or end-user machine. These aptly named drive-by downloads are already a fairly popular meathod of delivering code to a target machine, and this exploit could allow for an easier and more reliable means of accomplishing the drive-by download. The malicious payload of these drive-by downloads could contain a variety of code ranging from adware and rogue / fake security applications to remote access packages allowing a hacker to take control of or download private data from the affected machine.

For those hackers with no other dreams and aspirations in life, the exploit can also be used as a means of executing a denial-of-service attack. All things considered, a denial-of-service attack seems unlikely in all but cases of the most blunt attacks and would likely simply be seen by the end-user as a buggy web site.

The Measure of the Program

Within the Internet security industry, one of the primary measures of a good software package is how quickly and appropriately the software developer responds to exploits, bugs, and other security concerns. In this respect, Microsoft tends to do fairly well these days (although this has not always been the case) and generally addresses security flaws significantly faster than we’ve seen and expect from other developers such as Apple, an organization that has gained an unfortunate reputation for burying or simply denying security flaws.

There has been some speculation that this exploit comes fast on the heels of the recent Windows XP End of Service and may be an indication of a coming storm front, the first of an anticipated onslaught of exploits and security flaws in the new and exciting realm of a vulnerable operating system. I have even myself been cited in the argument by way of my award winning post: See You, Windows XP.

Whatever your stance on the matter, Microsoft has opted to ensure versions of Internet Explorer available to Windows XP are properly patched against this exploit. We view this as a responsible decision on the part of Microsoft, and I personally view it as an exceedingly generous act given the support state of Windows XP.

Taking Action

So you’re using Internet Explorer and are unsure of what to do at this point? Your first task should be to download and install your updates if your machine has not already done so as part of its regularly scheduled maintenance (you DO regularly install updates on your machines, right?). Your best course of action here is to use the Windows Update tool, which will automatically identify the various updates available to Microsoft software including Internet Explorer.

For those not using Internet Explorer, you are certainly not out of the woods by a long shot. This week, we saw an exploit for Internet Explorer. Your browser of choice may see an exploit next week. If you use Flash or Java, these are also popular avenues for hackers. As a point of contention, in its 2014 Annual Security Report, Cisco cited Java as representing 91% of all Indicators of Compromise (IOC).

In the world of internet security, new versions and variants of malware appear on a daily basis, although relatively few pieces of new malware actually get notable time in the spotlight. Despite all the discussion of worms and backdoors, much of the time, new works of malware these days are designed simply to facilitate browser redirection or the serving of ads to users. Prior to this, false or “rogue” anti-virus programs saw a moment of popularity. If they happened to make their way onto a machine, these rogue anti-virus programs would claim the machine to be infected and offer to kindly cure this non-existent infection for a modest fee. In the end, these programs focused on making a minor nuisance of themselves in the name of ultimately exploiting the user to generate or increase revenue, or direct web traffic to a particular site.

Every now and then, however, something truly worthy of pause surfaces. The big news in the realm of internet security over the past several weeks has been the appearance of Cryptolocker, a new entry into the category of malware frequently referred to as ransomware. Like many other types of malware, ransomware also aims to generate revenue, but its approach takes a critical diversion from nuisance, opting instead to restrict access to the computer in some way and holding the machine hostage under the demands of a ransom. Until recently, the most successful ransomware usually involved hijacking the desktop, generally under the guise of a law enforcement agency such as the FBI, the machine left in a state where the user is presented with a demand. In these cases, the machine and its contents are left intact, although the user is unable to use the machine until the infection is removed or the ransom paid.

Removal of these particular forms of ransomware were occasionally time consuming, but once fully removed, the machine was left in the same state it was prior to being infected, negating the need to pay the ransom.

Enter Cryptolocker

Cryptolocker takes what seems to many to be the next obvious step, leaving the machine largely accessible to the user but encrypting their documents. Cryptolocker is most often seen distributed via email. Upon installing itself onto the machine, Cryptolocker begins searching through the enumerated drives looking for various documents to encrypt. Meanwhile, it also calls a randomly selected server on the Internet to register itself and acquire an encryption key, which it uses to encrypt the documents it finds on the machine. While Cryptolocker does not take the time to look for other machines that may happen to be on the local network and thus generally won’t discover and encrypt files on network shares, it does parse files on logical drive letters. The implication of this is that any network shares a user has mapped and assigned a drive letter to is at very real risk. During this process, the user can expect to see a significant decrease in performance coupled with continuous drive activity.

Only once Cryptolocker has completed its encryption task does it make itself overtly known, displaying a message describing how to pay the ransom to decrypt the now encrypted and unusable documents. Along with this demand comes a deadline, usually somewhere between 48 and 69 hours.

During this time, if the user chooses to pay the ransom, Cryptolocker then downloads the private key necessary to decrypt the encrypted files and slowly goes through the list of files it encrypted to restore them to their pre-encryption state.

If the user opts to not pay the ransom, the deadline issued by Cryptolocker is still of particular interest in this situation as Cryptolocker takes the effort to completely uninstall itself upon expiration of that deadline. On the surface, this may sound like an unusual effort as it means the user need only sit and wait several days, at which time their machine will clean itself. Unfortunately, this is part of Cryptolocker’s last revenge upon the user for not paying the ransom. While Cryptolocker does indeed uninstall itself, it does not take the time to decrypt the user’s encrypted documents on its way out the door. Because of the nature of the encryption used by Cryptolocker, brute force decryption of the user’s documents is not particularly feasible as it is very likely the process would take longer than the user’s lifespan. Attempting to reinstall Cryptolocker is also not a feasible option for the user as Cryptolocker generates a new set of encryption keys at that time, invalidating the previous set.

When it comes to ransomware, Cryptolocker is fairly unique in this respect as it means once a machine is infected, cleaning the infection can be disastrous to the user as it eliminates the possibility of paying the ransom for the key necessary to decrypt the documents. Once Cryptolocker has been removed from the machine, the only realistic means of recovering data from the encrypted documents is to restore them from a backup. Unfortunately, recent studies have shown that roughly half of all regular computer users not only don’t routinely back up their data but have, in fact, never created a backup of their data. Those users who do back up their data often do not do so frequently and consistently. To complicate matters even further, a quick and dirty means many people use to create a backup involves simply copying documents to an auxiliary drive. While this is certainly a valid means of backing up data and is far superior to not having a backup, it is important to remember that Cryptolocker won’t hesitate to encrypt those copies as well if the drive containing them is attached to the infected computer at the time.

Although removal of Cryptolocker is included with a StopSign subscription, concern the user may not have a backup of their documents has prompted the StopSign Research and Development Team to decide to not incorporate an automated removal of Cryptolocker into the scanner. While we wholeheartedly feel a user should never have to pay a ransom to regain access to their machine or documents, the decision in this case must ultimately fall upon the user whose data is at risk. This was a hard decision, one rarely taken here, but it is a decision we believe most anti-virus and security companies have also settled upon.

It cannot be stressed enough that removing Cryptolocker effectively eliminates all data recovery options for the user other than restoring data from a backup and should never be done without the user’s consent.

How to Protect Yourself

When it comes to malware, prevention is critical. Users should always be mindful of suspicious or unexpected emails and instant messages. The StopSign Security Suite provides a powerful on-access scanner component designed to monitor the system in real time. Keeping the operating system and associated software properly updated can also be crucial in maintaining a malware-free environment.

Painless Removal

If you should find yourself facing a Cryptolocker infection, we would be happy to provide personalized assistance to quickly remove it from your machine. Our technicians are available at 1-800-786-7744 to discuss the matter with you and assist in removal.

Having worked intimately with computers from the early 1980s onward, there is one universal truth I’ve learned everybody will eventually face if they use computers long enough: No matter how much technology improves, you will always face the potential loss of data.

The More Technology Changes, the More It Stays the Same

Back in the “good ‘ol days” when programs and data were physically punched into strips of paper, those strips had a tendency to get worn or misaligned, causing them to read improperly, and it wasn’t uncommon for entire stacks of punch cards to be misplaced, particularly if you happened to be sharing computing time in a busy university with other eager (and possibly disorganized) grad students.

In the 80s, when many of us were coveting our friend’s shiny new 50MB MFM hard drive and storing the Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheets with our family finances on 5-1/4″ floppy disks, the threat of those oh-so-fragile squares with their exposed magnetic surfaces and complete lack of rigidity failing to read or write properly was an ever-looming one. Phrases such as “don’t touch the jellybean” were often thrown around to reinforce handling practices in an effort to avoid a deadly fingerprint in just the wrong spot. Even the most conscientious of us ruined a floppy disk or two. I am personally guilty of leaving a pile of floppy disks sitting in a tightly closed Volvo. Parked under the noon sun. While living in the Caribbean. Those floppy disks never forgave me.

The 90s brought us larger and more affordable hard drives, and too many people learned that the convenient, sturdy, and abundant space came with a new price. Conventional hard drive technology at the time depended upon tiny read and write heads mounted at the very tip of moving arms, which would glide happily over the surface of large spinning platters, and this was a good system that has survived even into many of today’s hard drives. The problem occurs when either the electromagnetic motor responsible for spinning the platters begins to give out, the bearings the platters rode on started to overheat and fail, or worse yet, the read / write heads came into destructive contact with the surface of the platters, a condition that became known as a hard drive “crash,” so named because the read / write head physically “crashes” into the surface of the spinning platter, irrevocably destroying it. An industrious person with the proper tools and training can indeed replace a worn motor or transplant the platters containing critical data to another drive, but for most people facing a drive crash, there is no recovering the lost data.

Buy a new drive today, and chances are good you’re looking at a solid state hard drive (SSD), and rightfully so. Solid state hard drives trade the large, heavy array of spinning platters for semiconductors, which store information with no moving parts to wear out. Modern solid state hard drives have breathtaking read speeds, helping your programs load faster and making your data available to you sooner. Because they don’t expend power to keep moving parts up to speed, solid state hard drives have been known to use a fraction of the power of a traditional hard drive, particularly when nothing is actively being read or written to the drive.

All things considered, solid state hard drives sound like a wonder, but these too come with a new price. The critical component of the solid state hard drive is the semiconductor cell the data is stored in, and as resilient as those cells are, they can only be written to a number of times before they finally fail. As each cell fails, most drives will automatically attempt to relocate the data around the dead cells, but drive failure is still eventually inevitable.

Read through the various drive manufacturer specifications and you’ll see there is wide-ranging debate as to the real-world lifespan of the modern solid state drive, but truth be told, in this age of mobile computing, lost, damage, and theft are very real threats not to be ignored. There is also the possibility of the mis-click that leads to accidentally deleting your own files.

What is Your Time and Data Worth to You?

In the event your drive fails and has to be replaced, you will find yourself facing the time and effort to reinstall your operating system, any additional programs you need on your computer, and restoring your personal files. If you use a computer purely for surfing web sites or reading email, the failure of a hard drive, loss of a laptop, or theft of a tablet may simply be a one-time inconvenience between the cost of new equipment and an hour or two setting your machine back up to where you like it.

A home office or professional user is likely facing a few extra hours of reinstalling software, although this might still fall under the category of an inconvenience for many people. However, once you start adding family photos, personal finances, personal artwork, the office work you took home for the weekend, that manuscript you never finished, or the doctoral thesis you’ve spent two years working on, inconvenience may no longer be a strong enough word.

The good news is that your backup options have grown along with the technology. You no longer need to rely on sequentially numbered floppy disks. Gone are the days of bulky tape backups that took hours to run.

Head in the Clouds

For those home users who stick with a basic install of Windows and are mostly concerned about photos and other various documents, cloud storage is an excellent option as it not only allows you to back up files you can’t bear to lose but also allows you access to the files from practically any device with a connection to the Internet.

There are many cloud storage options available to you, and without concern for whether you are camping with Apple, Microsoft, Linux, etc., there is a good possibility you already have cloud storage set aside with your name on it, ready and waiting for you.

If you have a Gmail account, Google Drive starts you off with 15 GB of free storage with more being added seemingly every day.

Have a Windows Live account? Microsoft has 7 GB of free storage already attached to your account as well as a convenient desktop app allowing you to integrate your storage into the operating system as if it were a local drive.

Apple has 5 GB of free storage waiting for you to claim it.

If you’re looking for even more storage and automatic backups across all your devices (desktops, laptops, tablets, phones), DropBox and SugarSync offer strong features and stable mobile apps worth looking at.

Still not enough storage? There are plenty of services available to you. Even Amazon has gotten into the game with 5 GB of free storage.

Have Your Backup and Take It with You

If the thought of an Internet connection being essential to your backup or having your data be in the hands of someone else leaves you feeling a little uneasy, you certainly aren’t alone. Flash drives are a possible alternative for a user who is mostly concerned with backing up documents but also wants their data under their control and available regardless of whether they have an Internet connection.

Flash drives now come with a tremendous amount of storage space for fairly affordable prices, tend to be quite a bit faster than backing up over a network, and allow you to physically control your data at all times. If you have business-related encryption keys the ownership of which must be safeguarded and accounted for at all times, this may be an option second only to biometrics.

In the flash drive arena, as with the cloud storage option, you also have several options available including the no-frills storage device, weather and vibration proof models, flash drives encased in crush-proof tubes, drives with digital locks and biometric fingerprint scanners, and even a flash drive that self-destructs should you enter an incorrect password.

Probably the largest negative argument to be made about flash drives over cloud storage is that it moves the weak point in the system from being the network connection to being the user. The user must remember to plug the flash drive into the machine and back up their data. The user must remember to take the flash drive with them when the backup is done. Finally, the user has to take steps to safeguard the drive, which necessarily involves making sure it does not stay with the backed up computer. Cloud storage has offsite backup built-in by its nature. In the event of fire or burglary, you’ll be glad you did not keep your originals and backups together. I personally keep my trusty flash drive on my key ring, and it rarely leaves my sight.

For many people, a viable alternative to dedicated flash drives is a mobile phone. Most people keep their mobile phones with them nearly at all times, and most modern mobile phones are capable of acting as a removable drive, many by default when connected to a computer via a USB cable. As a bonus, most modern mobile phones also charge via a USB.

The Weakest Link

There are clearly countless options available to suit practically every user’s needs, but whatever backup plan you adopt, it is essential it be one you can maintain. A backup is only as good as how often it’s made. If the backup routine you implement is so cumbersome you find yourself putting it off day-after-day, week-after-week, it won’t matter how securely you’ve safeguarded the actual backup. Any files that don’t make it to your backup is work you have to recreate, memories you may never get back, and time and money lost. How much are your files worth to you?